Card shelf heat transfer system and method

ABSTRACT

A method for transferring thermal energy from an electronic card in a card shelf includes providing a divider configured for high absorption of thermal energy adjacent to an electronic card in the card shelf. Thermal energy generated by the electronic card is absorbed in the divider and transferred away from the electronic card via the divider. The divider may include a roughened surface texture, surface coating, or other dull surface exhibiting high thermal energy absorption properties. The divider may convectively transfer the thermal energy away from the electronic card. The divider may also be thermally coupled to a heatsink to conductively transfer the thermal energy away from the electronic card.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates in general to the field of modular electronic systems, and particularly to a card shelf thermal energy transfer system and method.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Modular electronic systems are generally configured as a card shelf to optimize space efficiency within a central office on other similar facility. Card shelves include individual plug-in electronic module cards having different functions that communicates across a backplane. The electronic cards may have different thicknesses depending upon the amount of electronic circuitry contained in each electronic card. The electronic cards may also have flanges on the top or bottom which fit into grooves in the card shelf for sliding the electronic cards into the card shelf and plugging the electronic cards into connectors located in the backplane of the card shelf.

The card shelf may also include an open or perforated top and bottom portion to allow thermal energy generated by the electronic cards during operation to escape the card shelf. Additionally, the card shelf may include a fan assembly for directing airflow through the card shelf to dissipate thermal energy generated by the electronic cards during operation.

Known card sleeves present certain drawbacks. For example, to maximize space within a card shelf, electronic cards are placed in close proximity to one another. As a result, dissipation of thermal energy generated by the electronic cards during operation may be difficult or inadequate to maintain proper operation of the electronic cards. The thermal energy generated by the electronic cards may cause a fire to ignite within the card shelf, thereby damaging one or more of the electronic cards. Additionally, electronic cards in close proximity to one another may result in cross coupling of electromagnetic interference between the cards.

Including fan assemblies in known card shelves also presents certain drawbacks. For example, a partially filled card shelf may cause airflow generated by the fan assembly to be directed around the electronic cards to areas of less resistance. Although dummy cards may be inserted into the card shelf to compensate for misdirected airflow, a variety of thicknesses of dummy cards must be maintained to replace removed electronic cards or fill open areas in the card shelf.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a card shelf thermal energy transfer system and method that addresses short comings of prior systems and methods. In particular, dividers are provided between electronic cards that improve passive and active thermal energy transfer within the card shelf.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a card shelf includes a backplane and a plurality of slots each configured to receive an electronic card adapted for engagement with the backplane. A plurality of dividers are disposed between slots in the card shelf. Each divider is configured for high absorption of thermal energy generated by the electronic card.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for transferring thermal energy from an electronic card in a card shelf includes providing a divider configured for high absorption of thermal energy adjacent to the electronic card in the card shelf. Thermal energy generated by the electronic card is absorbed in the divider and transferred away from the electronic card via the divider.

Technical advantages of the present invention include providing an improved method and system for passively transferring thermal energy generated by the electronic cards away from the electronic cards. In particular, the dividers are provided between the electronic cards to passively remove thermal energy generated by the electronic cards. The dividers may include a coated, roughened or suitable surface to improve heat absorption. Preferably, the dividers are coupled to a heatsink for efficiently transferring the thermal energy absorbed by the dividers away from the electronic cards.

Another technical advantage of the present invention includes providing a card shelf with reduced cross coupling of electromagnetic interference between the electronic cards. In particular, the dividers reduce cross talk and electromagnetic interference between each electronic card. As a result, data and other errors caused by such interference is reduced.

Still another technical advantage of the present invention includes improved airflow through a partially filled card shelf. In particular, the dividers improve airflow from a fan system through the card shelf by equalizing the airflow through each area of the card shelf.

Yet another technical advantage of the present invention includes providing a card shelf and method for preventing propagation of thermal failures throughout the card shelf. For example, a failure of an electronic card may cause a fire to ignite within the card shelf. The dividers which are disposed adjacent to each electronic card prevent propagation of the fire to an adjacent electronic card.

Other technical advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a card shelf in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of electronic cards in the card shelf of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the card shelf illustrated in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a divider for the card shelf of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5A is a cross section diagram of the divider illustrated in FIG. 4 taken along the line 5—5 of FIG. 4 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5B is a cross section diagram of the divider illustrated in FIG. 4 taken along the line 5—5 of FIG. 4 in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sleeve divider in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fan assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an electronic card showing a temperature sensor for the electronic card in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electronic card having an angled receptor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cable holder assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for determining operation temperatures for monitored items in the card shelf of FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for diagnosing cooling failures in a zone in the card shelf of FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for diagnosing filter failure conditions in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 illustrates a card shelf assembly 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Card shelf assembly 10 includes a card shelf 12, electronic cards 14, and a fan assembly 16. Card shelf 12 further includes side members 18 and 20, a top member 22, and a bottom member 24. Top member 22 and bottom member 24 include perforations 26 and 28, respectively, to allow airflow from fan assembly 16 to pass through card shelf 12.

Dividers 30 are disposed within card shelf 12. As described in more detail below, thermal energy generated by electronic cards 14 is absorbed by the dividers 30 and transferred away from the electronic cards via conduction and/or convection. Dividers 30 may be specially configured for high absorption of thermal energy.

Dividers 30 are positioned within card shelf 12 between and/or form slots for receiving electronic cards 14 within card shelf 12. For example, dividers 30 may be positioned to align a connector (not explicitly shown) on a back of an electronic card 14 with a corresponding connector (not explicitly shown) located on a backplane 32 of card shelf 12. Thus, in operation, electronic card 14 may be slid into a slot between or formed by dividers 30 and plugged into a corresponding connector on backplane 32. Card shelf 12 also includes mounting brackets 34 for attaching card shelf assembly 10 to permanent or portable structure.

For cable management, card shelf assembly 10 also includes a cable holder assembly 36 for routing external connections or cables associated with each electronic card 14 away from card shelf assembly 10. Cable holder assembly 36 efficiently secures and routes the cable connections of the electronic cards 14. Additionally, the cable holder assembly 36 is positioned to allow insertion or removal of an electronic card 14 without disrupting connections of adjacent electronic cards 14.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, cable holder assembly 36 is disposed below electronic cards 14. However, cable holder assembly 36 may also be located at other positions relative to electronic cards 14. Cable holder assembly 36 is described in greater detail in conjunction with FIG. 9.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating electronic cards 14 disposed in card shelf 12 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the card shelf 12 is a multi-protocol add/drop multiplexer including Internet Protocol (IP), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), and synchronous optical network (SONET) functionality. The electronic cards 14 include a management and control unit (MCU) electronic card 40, line unit (LU) electronic cards 42, service unit (SU) electronic cards 44, and (ATM) switch fabric (SF) electronic cards 46. MCU electronic card 40 monitors and controls the status of the remaining electronic cards 42, 44, and 46 in card shelf 12. In particular, MCU 40 maintains alarm, protection switching, and provisioning databases for the add/drop multiplexer. LU electronic cards 42 transmit data on trunk transmission lines. In a SONET ring embodiment, LU electronic cards 42 may be OC-3 or OC-4 line cards that are bi-directional and can handle optical to electrical (O/E) and electrical to optical (E/O) conversions. LU electronic cards 42 also handle line and selection overhead extraction and insertion. SU electronic cards 44 receive customer input/output (I/O) and perform conversions necessary for processing by ATM SF electronic cards 46. ATM SF electronic cards 46 receive ATM cells on an input port and switch them to an output port. In switching ATM cells, ATM SF electronic cards 46 first translate necessary virtual path (VP) and virtual channel (VC) addresses.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, electronic cards 14 may vary in thickness depending on the electronic circuitry contained on each electronic card 14. Accordingly, dividers 30 may be disposed within card shelf 12 to accommodate varying thicknesses and configurations of electronic cards 14.

FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of card shelf assembly 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. Card shelf assembly 10 includes support members 50 and 52 disposed within card shelf 12. Support members 50 and 52 provide locations within card shelf 12 for attaching dividers 30. For example, each divider 30 may include integral attachment angles 54 for securing dividers 30 to support members 50 and 52. Dividers 30 may be secured to support members 50 and 52 with a rivet, screw, or other suitable type of fastener or fastening method. Preferably, the fastener or fastening method allows heat absorbed by dividers 30 to be transferred to the exterior of the card shelf 12. Dividers 30 may also include an integral attachment angle 46 for securing dividers 30 to backplane 32.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, dividers 30 are disposed between and/or form slots for receiving electronic cards 14 within card shelf 12. Thus, electronic cards 14 may be aligned with a corresponding connector on backplane 32 during insertion of electronic card 14 into card shelf 12. Therefore, card shelf assembly 10 provides greater reliability than prior card shelf assemblies by aligning electronic cards 14 with corresponding connectors on backplane 32 during insertion of electronic cards 14 into card shelf 12.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a porion of card shelf assembly 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As described in greater detail in conjunction with FIGS. 5A and 5B, dividers 30 are preferably configured for high absorption of thermal energy. Thus, thermal energy generated by electronic cards 14 during operation may be efficiently transferred away from electronic cards 14 by convection and/or conduction.

For example, dividers 30 may include angle attachments 54 to connect dividers 30 to support members 50 and 52. Thus, angle attachments 54 provide a conduction path for thermal energy to transfer from dividers 30 to support members 50 and 52. It should be understood that dividers 30 may be otherwise thermally coupled to support members 50 and 52 to provide a conduction path for thermal energy transfer. Additionally, it should be understood that dividers 30 may be thermally coupled to other exterior members of card shelf 12 or related equipment for providing a heatsink for transferring thermal energy from dividers 30.

Dividers 30 may also provide convective thermal energy transfer from electronic cards 14. For example, edges of dividers 30 are located proximate to ambient temperature conditions external to card shelf 12. Thus, thermal energy absorbed by dividers 30 may be convectively dissipated along the edges of dividers 30.

FIG. 5A is a section view of divider 30 taken along line 5—5 of FIG. 4 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Dividers 30 are preferably configured with a dull, non-reflective, or other surface for high absorption of thermal energy generated by electronic cards 14 during operation. For example, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, dividers 30 may include a metallic plate 60 having a surface coating 62 disposed on each surface of plate 60. Plate 60 is a metallic or other thermally conductive layer or series of layers. Surface coating 62 may include any coating or material exhibiting thermal energy absorption properties. For example, surface coating 62 may include a dark colored paint, such as black, for absorbing thermal energy generated by electronic cards 14.

FIG. 5B is a section view of an alternate embodiment of divider 30 in accordance with the present invention. In this example, divider 30 includes a roughened surface 64 on both sides of divider 30. Roughened surface 64 provides a dull, non-reflective, surface with increased area of divider 30 in close proximity to electronic cards 14 for absorption of thermal energy generated by electronic cards 14.

Additionally, dividers 30 may dissipate thermal energy generated by electronic cards 14 by convection. For example, upper and lower edges of dividers 30 are located in close proximity to ambient temperatures external to card shelf assembly 10. Therefore, thermal energy absorbed by dividers 30 may be conducted away from electronic cards 14 using dividers 30.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of divider 30 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, divider 30 is configured as a sleeve 66 for high absorption of thermal energy generated by electronic cards 14 during operation. For example, as described above in conjunction with FIGS. 5A and 5B, sleeve 66 may also include roughened surfaces or surface coatings exhibiting thermal energy absorption properties.

In operation, electronic cards 14 are placed within sleeve 66 to dissipate thermal energy generated by electronic cards 14. For example, sleeve 66 may be coupled to electronic card 14 prior to insertion into card shelf 12 so that sleeve 66 and electronic card 14 form a unit. Additionally, a plurality of sleeves 66 may be disposed within card shelf 12 for receiving each electronic card 14.

Therefore, card shelf assembly 10 provides greater thermal energy dissipation than prior card shelf assemblies by providing dividers 30 configured for high absorption of thermal energy adjacent to electronic cards 14. Additionally, card shelf assembly 10 provides greater reliability than prior card shelf assemblies by substantially reducing the effect of electromagnetic interference between electronic cards 14. For example, dividers 30 provide a barrier between electronic cards 14 to substantially prevent cross coupling of electromagnetic interference between electronic cards 14.

Card shelf assembly 10 also provides greater reliability than prior card shelf assemblies by substantially preventing thermal failures of one electronic card 14 from spreading to another electronic card 14. For example, a failure of one electronic card 14 may result in fire and an immediate and substantial increase in temperature from the failed electronic card 14. Dividers 30 provide a fire barrier and good thermal energy transfer characteristics to absorb the increased thermal energy from the failed electronic card 14. Additionally, dividers 30 provide a barrier to substantially prevent the increased thermal energy from affecting adjacent electronic cards 14.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of fan assembly 16 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, fan assembly 16 includes side members 70, 72, 74, and 76. Fan assembly 16 also includes a support member 78 disposed between two rows of fan units 80. In particular, fan assembly 16 includes ten fan units 80 with two opposing fans providing cooling for overlying slots in the card shelf 10. In this way, redundant cooling is provided for each set of slots, which form temperature zones in the card shelf 12.

The fan assembly 16 further includes an ambient temperature sensor 82 for sensing and reporting the ambient or environmental temperature in which shelf unit 12 is operating. As described in more detail below, the ambient temperature input is used to determine whether increases in operating temperature within the card shelf 12 are due to an increase in ambient temperature, some other factor such as clogged filters, or a failure of a component within the card shelf 12. In addition, if the ambient temperature is above a specified limit, an alarm may be generated indicating that the cooling system for the facility in which card shelf 12 resides has failed or should be checked. A filter tray 84 is provided below the fan units 80 of fan assembly 16 to purify cooling air by removing dust and other contaminants that can adversely affect operation of electronic cards 14.

In operation, the combination of fan units 80 and dividers 30 provide greater efficiency than prior card shelf assemblies by providing a more uniform airflow through card shelf 12 for cooling electronic cards 14. For example, dividers 30 may be disposed throughout card shelf 12 to prevent airflow from fan units 80 from being diverted to open areas of a partially filled card shelf 12.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of electronic card 14 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Electronic card 14 includes one or more temperature sensors 90 for monitoring the operating temperature of one or more items 92 on electronic card 14. Items 92 are heat generating devices such as processors or areas such as “hot spots” on electronic card 14. Due to operational restraints, temperature sensors 90 may be disposed on electronic card 14 proximate to monitored items 92 rather than on the devices 92. Thus, temperature sensors 90 provide a temperature reading indicative of the temperature of items 92. A temperature correlation or difference between that of sensor 90 and monitored item 92 is determined for each monitored item 92 and stored in MCU electronic card 40. As described in more detail below, the correlating temperature is used during operation of electronic card 14 to determine the actual operating temperature of monitored item 92 based on the temperature sensed and reported by temperature sensor 90.

FIG. 9 is a schematic drawing of electronic card 14 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, electronic card 14 includes receptors 100 for connecting electronic cards 14 to devices external to card shelf 12. For example, receptors 100 may be configured to receive a telecommunications connection or other cable connection from a device external to card shelf 12. In this embodiment, receptors 100 are disposed on a forward surface 102 of electronic cards 14.

As illustrated in FIG. 9, receptors 100 are angled downwardly from horizontal toward cable holder assembly 36 to reduce the projection of external connections from electronic cards 14. Receptors 100 include pins 104 connecting each receptor 100 directly to electronic circuitry contained on electronic card 14. Pins 104 of receptor 100 may be soldered or otherwise connected to the electronic circuitry contained on electronic card 14.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of cable holder assembly 36 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Cable holder assembly 36 includes a cable holder 110, a cable trough 112 and a retainer 114. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10, cable holder 110 includes cable receivers 116 for receiving external connections 117 such as cables, from electronic cards 14. For example, cable receivers 116 may receive external connections 117 from angled receptors 100 of electronic cards 14.

In operation, cable receivers 116 receive external connections 117 from electronic cards 14 and route the connections 117 to cable trough 112. Cable trough 112 receives the connections 117 from cable holder 110 and routes the connections 117 away from card shelf 12. Retainer 114 may be opened to provide access to an internal area of cable trough 112 and closed to retain the connections 117 within cable trough 112. In this embodiment, retainer 114 includes a door 118 coupled to cable trough 112 via a hinge 120. Thus, door 118 may be rotated upwardly about hinge 120 to enclose the connections 117 within cable trough 112.

Each cable receiver 116 of cable holder 110 may include a holding portion 122 and a retaining portion 124. Holding portion 122 is configured to receive one or more connections 117 from each electronic card 14. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 10, connections 117 from electronic cards 14 extend downwardly from receptors 100 and are received by cable receivers 116. Holding portion 122 is configured to accommodate one or more connections 117 from each electronic card 14.

Retaining portion 124 of cable receiver 116 is configured to retain the connections 117 within holding portion 122 while the connections 117 are inserted into holding portion 122. For example, retaining portion 124 may be configured having a smaller opening than retaining portion 122 to retain the connections 117 within holding portion 122 while additional connections 117 are routed from electronic cards 14 to holding portion 122. For example, retaining portion 124 may be sized less than a size of holding portion 122 and slightly greater than a size of the cable connection 117. Additionally, retaining portion 124 retains the connections 117 within holding portion 122 while retainer 114 is open to provide access to cable trough 112.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10, door 118 may also include a flange 126 to retain connections 117 within holding portion 122. For example, flange 126 may be configured to extend over and cover retaining portion 124 when door 118 is rotated upwardly to enclose cable trough 112. Thus, in operation, flange 126 of door 118 may also be used to retain connections 117 within holding portion 124.

As illustrated in FIG. 10, cable receivers 116 may be aligned with each slot for receiving connections 117 from a corresponding electronic card 14. Additionally, cable holder assembly 36 is preferably spaced apart from electronic cards 14 to allow insertion or removal of electronic cards 14 from card shelf 12 without disrupting adjacent electronic cards 14 or needing to remove external connections 117 from the cable holder 110 or cable trough 112. For example, cable holder assembly 16 may be spaced below electronic cards 14 a sufficient amount to allow a single electronic card 14 to be inserted into or removed from card shelf 12 without disrupting adjacent electronic cards 14 or external connections 117 of adjacent electronic cards 14.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for determining operating temperatures for monitored items in card shelf 12 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, temperature sensors 90 are distributed throughout card shelf 12 in order to provide a thermal map of the thermal operating condition of card shelf 12. The distributed temperature sensors include temperature sensors 90 disposed on electronic cards 14 as well as ambient temperature sensor 82 disposed on fan assembly 16. It will be understood that temperature sensors at other or additional locations may be used to measure the same or different operating temperatures of items 92 in card shelf 12.

Referring to FIG. 11, the method begins at step 150 in which a temperature input is received from a remote sensor 90. The temperature input is received and processed by a temperature controller in MCU electronic card 40. The temperature controller comprises software stored on a computer readable medium operable to receive and process temperature and other suitable information in accordance with programming instructions.

Next, at step 152, the temperature controller determines monitored items 92 that are associated with sensor 90. In one embodiment, monitored items 92 are associated with a sensor 90 in a relational database look up table in MCU electronic card 40. In this embodiment, the temperature controller performs a look up operation to obtain a list of associated items.

Proceeding to step 154, the temperature controller determines the actual operating temperature for each monitored item 92 based on the temperature input. As previously described, a correlating temperature is provided between the input temperature and each associated item 92. Thus, for example, the actual operating temperature of monitored item 92 may be ten degrees higher than that sensed and reported by associated temperature sensor 90. In this case, the input temperature measured by temperature sensor 90 is increased by the ten degree differential to arrive at the actual operating temperature of item 92. The correlating temperature for each monitored item 92 may be stored in the relational database table along with the monitored item 92.

Next, at step 156, the temperature controller generates an alarm for any item 92 having an actual temperature over a specified limit. Step 156 leads to the end of the process by which the temperature controller continuously monitors the thermal state of card shelf 12 and indicates any alarm conditions for review and appropriate action by an operator.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for diagnosing cooling failures in a temperature zone of card shelf 12 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, card shelf 12 includes fan assembly 16 with redundant fans dedicated to cooling each zone, which includes one or more overlying slots for electronic cards 14.

Referring to FIG. 12, the method begins at step 160 in which the operating temperature of monitored items 90 within card shelf 12 is obtained by the temperature controller. These operating temperatures may be determined as previously described in connection with FIG. 12, directly received, or the received temperature used as the operating temperature with alarm and other limits scaled accordingly.

Next, at step 162, the temperature controller determines a temperature profile for each zone in card shelf 12. The temperature profile may include one or more actual or composite temperatures from monitored items 92 within the zone. As described in more detail below, compiling a temperature profile for each zone allows operation of fan assembly 16 to be evaluated on a per zone basis, thermal conditions to be diagnosed, and specific alarms to be generated.

Proceeding to a decisional step 164, the temperature controller determines for each zone whether the zone profile is over a specified value for the zone. This determination may be based partly on ambient temperature as described in connection with FIG. 13. Thus, the specified value may be predefined or vary based on other conditions. The profile may be over a specified value if any of the temperatures of the profile are over a specified value or a specified number of the temperatures are over their values. Thus, great flexibility is provided to allow different types of card shelves 12 to be differently monitored. If the temperature profile for a zone is not over the specified value for that zone, fan assembly 16 is operating within limits for that zone and the No branch of decisional step 164 leads to the end of the process for that zone. However, if the temperature profile of a zone is over the specified value for that zone, the Yes branch of decisional step 164 leads to step 166. At step 166, the temperature controller generates an alarm for the affected zone. Accordingly, an operator is alerted to cooling problems on a zone-by-zone basis rather than generally for card shelf 12.

Next, at decisional step 168, the temperature controller determines whether multiple fan failures have occurred. If multiple fan failures have occurred, then the high temperatures in the zone for which the alarm was generated at step 166 is likely due to failures of both redundant fans for that zone. Accordingly, the Yes branch of decisional step 168 leads to step 170 in which an alarm is generated indicating that the fans have, or likely have, failed for the indicated zone.

Returning to decisional step 168, if multiple fan failures have not occurred, the No branch of decisional step 168 leads to the end of the process. Accordingly, if multiple fan failures occur, an operator need not necessarily dispatch maintenance to the site of card shelf 12 to determine whether the failed fans are redundant fans for a single zone that could lead to high operating temperatures for electronic cards 14 within that zone. Rather, the temperature controller will continue to monitor the situation and inform the operator that maintenance needs to be dispatched in response to the temperature within a zone rises above a specified, or threshold, value. Accordingly, operating and maintenance costs are reduced.

FIG. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for diagnosing filter failure conditions in fan assembly 16 of card shelf 12 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, ambient temperature sensor 82 is provided at fan assembly 16 to monitor and report ambient temperature of the environment in which card shelf 12 is operating.

Referring to FIG. 13, the method begins at step 180 in which operating temperatures for monitored items are obtained. The operating temperatures may be obtained as previously described in connection with FIG. 11, directly obtained, or the received temperature used as the operating temperature with alarm and other limits scaled accordingly. Next, at step 182, ambient temperature is received by the temperature controller at MCU electronic card 40 from ambient sensor 82.

Proceeding to step 184, the temperature controller compares operating temperatures for monitored items 92 to the ambient temperature. Thus, the temperature controller takes into account the ambient temperature when determining whether the operating temperatures within card shelf 12 are within or above specified limits. At step 186, the temperature controller generates an alarm for items having operating temperatures over a specified differential with the ambient temperature. Thus, for example, although many or all items within card shelf 12 may be operating at higher than normal temperatures due to a high ambient temperature, one or more such devices may be malfunctioning and operating at even higher temperatures. Use of the ambient temperature allows The temperature controller to identify the malfunctioning items as those having a high differential. Accordingly, maintenance operations can be focused on the malfunctioning items without needing to check all devices that are operating at higher than normal temperatures.

Proceeding to decisional step 188, the temperature controller determines whether a specified number of items 92 are over the allowed differential with ambient temperature. A high number of items 92 over the allowed differential indicates that air flow is being restricted in fan assembly 16, and accordingly the Yes branch of decisional step 188 leads to step 190. At step 190, the temperature controller generates a filter alarm informing the operator that the filter is, or is likely, clogged which is causing a number of items to run at temperatures higher than expected given the ambient temperature. Step 190 leads to the end of the process by which a thermal map of card shelf 12 is generated and information within the map used to diagnose the thermal state of card shelf 12.

Returning to decisional step 188, if the specified number of items are not over the differential with the ambient temperature, the No branch leads to the end of the process. In this way, the temperature controller assists an operator in diagnosing cooling problems within card shelf 12.

Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A card shelf comprising: a backplane; a plurality of slots each configured to receive an electronic card adapted for engagement with the backplane; a top member disposed upwardly from the slots and having a plurality of openings; a bottom member disposed downwardly from the slots and having a plurality of openings; and a plurality of dividers disposed between the slots in the card shelf, each divider comprising a thermally conductive material, the openings of the top and bottom members operable to provide for an airflow through the card shelf adjacent the dividers; and the dividers disposed throughout the card shelf to prevent airflow from being diverted from open areas of the card shelf.
 2. The card shelf of claim 1, wherein each divider comprises a surface coating for high absorption of thermal energy.
 3. The card shelf of claim 1, wherein each divider comprises a non-reflective surface for high absorption of thermal energy.
 4. The card shelf of claim 1, wherein a divider is disposed between each slot.
 5. The card shelf of claim 1, further comprising an active cooling system coupled to the card shelf, the active cooling system operable to direct the airflow adjacent the dividers.
 6. A method for transferring thermal energy from an electronic card in a card shelf, comprising: providing a sleeve comprising a thermally conductive material, the sleeve coupled to the electronic card, the sleeve and the electronic card adapted for insertion into the card shelf as a unit; absorbing thermal energy generated by the electronic card in the sleeve; providing an airflow through the card shelf adjacent the sleeve via openings formed in an upper member and a lower member of the card shelf; and transferring the thermal energy away from the electronic card via the sleeve.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein providing a sleeve comprises providing a sleeve having a surface coating for high absorption of thermal energy.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein providing a sleeve comprises providing a sleeve having a non-reflective surface for high absorption of thermal energy.
 9. The method of claim 6, wherein transferring the thermal energy comprises conducting the thermal energy to a heatsink via the sleeve.
 10. The method of claim 6, wherein transferring the thermal energy comprises convecting the thermal energy away from the electronic card via the sleeve.
 11. The method of claim 6, wherein providing a sleeve comprises providing a sleeve having a roughened surface for high absorption of thermal energy.
 12. A method for transferring thermal energy from an electronic card in a card shelf, comprising: providing an electronic card adapted for engagement with a backplane of the card shelf; disposing the electronic card within a sleeve, the sleeve comprising a thermally conductive material, the sleeve and the electronic card coupled to each other to form a unit; inserting the unit into the card shelf to engage the electronic card with the backplane; absorbing thermal energy generated by the electronic card in the sleeve; providing an airflow through the card shelf adjacent the sleeve via openings formed in an upper member and a lower member of the card shelf; and transferring the thermal energy away from the electronic card via the sleeve.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein disposing the electronic card within a sleeve comprises disposing the electronic card within a sleeve having a surface coating for high absorption of thermal energy.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein disposing the electronic card within a sleeve comprises disposing the electronic card within a sleeve having a non-reflective surface for high absorption of thermal energy.
 15. The method of claim 12, wherein disposing the electronic card within a sleeve comprises disposing the electronic card within a sleeve having a roughened surface for high absorption of thermal energy.
 16. The method of claim 12, wherein transferring the thermal energy comprises conducting the thermal energy to a heatsink of the card shelf via the sleeve.
 17. A card shelf comprising: a backplane; a plurality of electronic cards each adapted for engagement with the backplane; a plurality of sleeves each comprising a thermally conductive material, wherein each electronic card is coupled to and disposed within a corresponding sleeve to form a unit for insertion into the card shelf; a plurality of slots each configured to receive one of the units for engagement of the electronic card with the backplane; a top member disposed upwardly of the slots and having a plurality of openings; and a bottom member disposed downwardly of the slots and having a plurality of openings, the openings of the top and bottom members operable to provide for an airflow through the card shelf adjacent the sleeves.
 18. The card shelf of claim 17, wherein each sleeve comprises a roughened surface for high absorption of thermal energy.
 19. The card shelf of claim 17, wherein each sleeve comprises a surface coating for high absorption of thermal energy.
 20. The card shelf of claim 17, wherein each sleeve comprises a non-reflective surface for high absorption of thermal energy.
 21. The card shelf of claim 17, wherein each sleeve comprises a plurality of sidewalls disposed about a corresponding electronic card.
 22. The card shelf of claim 17, further comprising an active cooling system coupled to the card shelf, the active cooling system operable to direct the airflow adjacent the sleeves.
 23. A heat transfer system for a card shelf comprising: a backplane; an electronic card adapted for engagement with the backplane; a sleeve coupled to the electronic card, the sleeve comprising a plurality of sidewalls disposed about the electronic card, the sleeve and the electronic card adapted for insertion into the card shelf as a unit, the sidewalls each comprising a thermally conductive material for absorption of thermal energy generated by the electronic card; a top member disposed upwardly from the sleeve and having a plurality of openings; and a bottom member disposed downwardly from the sleeve and having a plurality of openings, the openings of the top and bottom members operable to provide for an airflow through the card shelf adjacent the sleeve.
 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the sidewalls each comprise a roughened surface configured for high absorption of thermal energy.
 25. The system of claim 23, wherein the sidewalls each comprise a surface coating for high absorption of thermal energy.
 26. The system of claim 23, wherein the sidewalls each comprise a non-reflective surface for high absorption of thermal energy.
 27. The system of claim 23, wherein the sleeve is adapted for engagement with a heatsink in the card shelf to conductively transfer the thermal energy away from the electronic card within the sleeve. 